Casino - Wikipedia. The Las Vegas Strip is renowned for its high concentration of casino resort hotels. In modern English, a casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities. The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry. Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions. There is much debate over whether or not the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated. Play free online casino games including slots, poker, roulette and blackjack. Free casino game reviews, free casino bonuses. Casino Comps USA Bovada Casino Slots.LV Casino Silver Oak Casino Drake Casino Aladdins Gold. Nawet dwaj aktorzy z ferajny z Nowego Jorku przenie In modern- day Italian, the term casino designates a bordello (also called casa chiusa, literally . The Copenhagen Casino was a theatre, known for the mass public meetings often held in its hall during the 1. Revolution, which made Denmark a constitutional monarchy. Until 1. 93. 7, it was a well- known Danish theatre. Rather, it was a banquet hall for the Russian nobility which frequented this spa resort in the late 1. It is generally believed that gambling in some form or another has been seen in almost every society in history. From the Ancient Greeks and Romans to Napoleon's France and Elizabethan England, much of history is filled with stories of entertainment based on games of chance. The first known European gambling house, not called a casino although meeting the modern definition, was the Ridotto, established in Venice, Italy in 1. Great Council of Venice to provide controlled gambling during the carnival season. It was closed in 1. The creation and importance of saloons was greatly influenced by four major cities: New Orleans, St. Louis, Chicago and San Francisco. It was in the saloons that travelers could find people to talk to, drink with, and often gamble with. During the early 2. America, gambling became outlawed and banned by state legislation and social reformers of the time. However, in 1. 93. Nevada. America's first legalized casinos were set up in those places. KASYNO OPIS Casino Euro ulubione kasyno, wszystko po polsku, ! Unibet ulubione kasyno oraz bukmacher, ! Jak sama nazwa wskazuje, nie trzeba dokonywa. Design Casino design—regarded as a psychological exercise—is an intricate process that involves optimising floor plan, d. Factors influencing consumer gambling tendencies include sound, odour and lighting. In 1. 97. 8 New Jersey allowed gambling in Atlantic City, now America's second largest gambling city. Gambling in casinos. Slot machines are a standard attraction of casinos. Most jurisdictions worldwide have a minimum gambling age (1. Most games played have mathematically determined odds that ensure the house has at all times an overall advantage over the players. This can be expressed more precisely by the notion of expected value, which is uniformly negative (from the player's perspective). This advantage is called the house edge. In games such as poker where players play against each other, the house takes a commission called the rake. Casinos sometimes give out complimentary items or comps to gamblers. Payout is the percentage of funds (. He suggested that the scent acted as an aphrodisiac, facilitating a more aggressive form of gambling. He broke casino design convention by introducing natural sunlight and flora to appeal to a female demographic. Thomas inserted skylights and antique clocks, defying the commonplace notion that a casino should be a timeless space. The third biggest casino operator company (based on revenue) was Caesars Entertainment with revenue of 6. US dollar. Perhaps the place almost defined by its casino is Monte Carlo, but other places are known as gambling centers. Monte Carlo, Monaco. Subscreva a Newsletter Subscreva a Newsletter do Casino Estoril e receba mensalmente sugest Najlepsze miejsce do gry na 4000+ darmowych automatach do gier i kasyno grach hazardowych bez rejestracji i depozytu. FreeSlots77.com wychodzi do Ciebie z wachlarzem rozmaitych. CasinoEuro, Kasyno, Kasyno internetowe CasinoEuro - ulubione kasyno online tysi. Graj w gry hazardowe takie jak: ruletka, sloty, automaty, blackjack, i wiele innych. A song and a film named The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo need no explanation. This book is based on real people and events; however, many of those events are contested by main character Semyon Dukach. Monte Carlo was part of the plot in a few James Bond novels and films. The former Portuguese colony of Macau, a special administrative region of China since 1. This started in Portuguese times, when Macau was popular with visitors from nearby British. Hong Kong where gambling was more closely regulated. The Venetian Macao is currently the largest casino in the world. Although there are currently only two casinos (both foreign owned), in Singapore. The Marina Bay Sands is the most expensive standalone casino in the world, at a price of US$8 Billion, and is among the worlds top ten most expensive buildings. The Resorts World Sentosa has the worlds largest oceanarium. United States. The number continues to steadily grow as more states seek to legalize casinos. Relatively small places such as Las Vegas are best known for gambling; larger cities such as Chicago are not defined by their casinos in spite of the large turnover. The Las Vegas Valley has the largest concentration of casinos in the United States. Based on revenue, Atlantic City, New Jersey ranks second, and the Chicago region third. Top American casino markets by revenue (2. Louis $1. 0. 50 billion. Tunica Resorts, Mississippi $9. Biloxi, Mississippi $8. Shreveport, Louisiana $7. Boulder Strip (Las Vegas) $7. Reno, Nevada $7. 15. New Orleans $6. 53. Downtown Las Vegas $5. Laughlin, Nevada $4. The Nevada Gaming Control Board divides Clark County, which is coextensive with the Las Vegas metropolitan area, into seven regions for reporting purposes. Indian gaming has been responsible for a rise in the number of casinos outside of Las Vegas and Atlantic City. Security. Security cameras located throughout the casino are the most basic measure. Modern casino security is usually divided between a physical security force and a specialized surveillance department. The physical security force usually patrols the casino and responds to calls for assistance and reports of suspicious or definite criminal activity. A specialized surveillance department operates the casino's closed circuit television system, known in the industry as the eye in the sky. Both of these specialized casino security departments work very closely with each other to ensure the safety of both guests and the casino's assets, and have been quite successful in preventing crime. Many casinos use a loyalty rewards program used to track players' spending habits and target their patrons more effectively, by sending mailings with free slot play and other promotions. Economic studies that show a positive relationship between casinos and crime usually fail to consider the visiting population at risk when they calculate the crime rate in casino areas. Such studies thus count the crimes committed by visitors, but do not count visitors in the population measure, and this overstates the crime rates in casino areas. Part of the reason this methodology is used, despite it leading to an overstatement of crime rates is that reliable data on tourist count are often not available. Gambling in America: An Encyclopedia of History, Issues, and Society. Retrieved August 1. Archived from the original on 2. Archived from the original on November 2. Retrieved August 1. The Encyclopedia of Third Reich Tableware. Retrieved August 1. Retrieved August 1. Il vero italiano: Your Guide To Speaking . Retrieved August 1. Liminality and the Modern: Living Through the In- Between. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Retrieved August 1. CBS 6. 0 Minutes, Retrieved 7/2. The Guardian, Retrieved 2/9/2. Time Out Chicago, Retrieved 2/9/2. Smart Planet, Retrieved 2/9/2. Retrieved 2. 3 June 2. The Boston Globe, Retrieved 7/2. Walker, Douglas M. Department of Justice'. Retrieved 7/2. 0/2. The Pittsburgh Tribune- Review, Retrieved 7/2.
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Dodano 23 marca 2003, 17:31 0. Iracka telewizja wyemitowa W 1946 roku odznaczono go srebrnym medalem Zas 1989 Robert Gould Shaw dowodzi 54. Pomimo podobnych reali. Rzeczpospolita u kresu swej pot. Wielkimi krokami zbli Opis: 'Na polu chwaly' jest powiescia historyczna, kt. Edycja zamojsko-lubaczowska 20/2002.Zlot historyczny pod has. Najbardziej kosztowny jest jego transport. He wrote in his diary. Richard Nixon's jowly.Peace Revives in Nanking (17th Dec.1937) Heartful to. General Matsui wrote down in his diary on Dec. 20th that he had heard at. 31 Most Inspiring Women Who Changed The World. She worked as a columnist and editor for Harper’s Bazaar from 1937 to 1962 and. She returned to the newly established People's Republic Of China in 1950 to star in 'The Peaceful. Buber's Basque Page: Guernica, Demolishedbuber. Basque > History > Guernica, Demolished. For security reasons, user contributed notes have been disabled. Free Films Org Based on third-party critic ratings & reviewed *For your security and privacy, we are not using personal info, like your name, email address, password. In 1937 Japan attacked China. Virtually all of the U.S. Prisoners of War in the Pacific in World War II were the. Loyd kept a daily diary which he hid in. Children of World War 2 - World at war. Channel in order to gain control of the skies in the South of. Guernica, Demolished. C. Lee. 2. 6th APRIL: THE FIRST MISSION. As we have seen, on the night of 2. April 1. 93. 7, Richthofen did not manage to meet Vig. However, he. did succeed in arranging an appointment for seven o'clock the next. In fact, at six in the morning. Richthofen held a telephone conversation with Vig. Richthofen wanted. Eibar that morning without combat and was now to. Marquina and the west. In view of this situation. Richthofen and Vig. The second, which took place in the afternoon, included the. Guernica. The latter town. German. bombardment during which about sixty incendiary and high explosive. The destruction was of considerable magnitude. Durango, it would be largely eclipsed by the. Condor Legion that same afternoon in Guernica. It was a twin- engined Dornier 1. After veering ninety degrees to the left, it dropped some. The people in Guernica, numerous, because it was. Others chose. to try and protect themselves in the surrounding farmhouses and woods. It consisted of three Savoia 7. Soria at half past three in the afternoon. Its mission was to. The chronological proximity to the previous. Guernica was being bombarded in. Their instructions were very clear. The. exact nature of those . As we have already seen, the Italians had been trying for. Basque nationalists. Obviously, it would have been illogical to. The destruction by the Italians of a town of. Guernica. During. It was. more or less confined to a few buildings. It was carried out by a Heinkel 1. Italian planes, five Fiats under the command of Corrado. Ricci, . This third bombardment was followed by a fourth and a. If the aerial attacks had stopped. However, the biggest. Two hours. and twenty- three minutes later they took off again for their afternoon. This length of time was to be expected, given that two hours. It had been decided to carry out the. River Mundaca and the River Oca. In fact, an order from Salamanca of 6th January. Supreme Commander of the Air Force, had already. However, the. Germans decided to waive the test run. The decision, incomprehensible. The incendiary bombs in the forward bays were also kept. It. was perfectly possible that such lightweight bombs (1 kg) could fall. Command knew only too well, but they were not. This circumstance encourages one to believe that, unlike. Italians, Richthofen (who had reached an agreement with Vig. As Richthofen wrote in his diary, the incendiary. Bar. In fact, this outrageous. Bilbao all the units of the. Condor Legion together dropped 6. At a later date, and perhaps driven by a desire to hide the. They stated that there had only been 7. The reason is. obvious. If a load of such magnitude had been dropped on Guernica the. Richthofen, for example, stated in his. Vig. If we are successful, we will. Marquina area. Such a plan was highly. Mola's initial. plan. Precisely for that reason, Vig. In the final analysis, the undertaking must. Franco. As we have already seen, these were the usual helping hands. Condor Legion when Mola favoured criteria other. At 4. 3. 8 GMT the 3rd Squadron took off from Burgos. The. German planes were escorted by the Fiat squadron from Vitoria and the. Bf 1. 09. Bs of the Lutzow squadron on the Vitoria - Mount Oiz - . Cantabrian Sea - Guernica - Mount Oiz - Vitoria route. In this wave. therefore, twenty- nine planes participated. Which, when added to those. Guernica, makes a total of forty. The. triple- engined German planes made their attacks arranged in successive. It was the beginning of the peaceful Basque town's. Calvary. The bombardment by the Ju 5. Meanwhile, the Bf 1. Bs and the He. 5. This task. lasted until seven in the evening over the adjacent roads. In the first case, it was obvious that the Germans. Mola) were not prepared to demolish factories. Franco in his war effort. In the second, it. Basques and Navarreses that were serving in the. Meanwhile they machine- gunned civilians, not only. This brutal combination meant that when the German planes. In fact, its destruction. Castor. Uriarte, Guernica. He had taken refuge in the air- raid shelter constructed in the. Loizaga house. On leaving the shelter, he saw that his. In the town centre, that was . It was imperative to combat the. As the telephone lines had been brought. Labauria ordered Uriarte to requisition a car and. M. From there he could telephone the fire. Bilbao, whose response was immediate. Within about an hour. Guernica. However, the attempt to palliate the horrible impacts of the. When trying to connect the hoses. Uriarte saw that the German bombs had destroyed the. This unfortunate. San Juan Ibarra Promenade in order to obtain water supplies from the. River Mundaca. Thus, after making the appropriate couplings, the. Port Street. It was a tricky operation. In a four storey. It was an episode. Guernica. At a later. There, at the start. Luno, was an iron tank that formed the meeting place of. Luno. At. the same time it was the starting point of the distribution branches. They followed the narrow path that joins it to the Bermeo. The setting in motion of the operation enabled the men to. Saint Maria. the roofs of the national schools a few other houses in the. Meanwhile, the town of Guernica resembled a scene worthy of. Dante. They were either looking. As for the fires, they. He was unable to do anything to save them. After three in the morning, Uriarte had to admit that all further. His opinion was by no means excessive. He gave the order for the firemen to return to Bilbao and, a. Of a. population of five thousand people. A bombardment of the same proportions would have. Moscow or London, and not much less than this figure in an urban. New York. It was undoubtedly. Spains mapped out by the breakout of the Civil War. Among the demolished buildings were the Town. Hall, the church of San Juan, the pelota court and the high. Which meant, therefore. The proportion, truly extraordinary. Second World War. Of course, the. Luftwaffe repeated, on a grand scale, episodes like that of Guernica. Warsaw, Rotterdam and Coventry. However, even in this. Guernica. In fact, not until the atomic bombardments of the Japanese. Hiroshima and Nagasaki would it be possible to contemplate a. Guernica. It is hardly surprising that on that same day, 2. April, the. pilots of the Condor Legion were prohibited from referring to, even in. Guernica. Solid proof is the way in which Richthofen referred to the. On the 2. 6th he had stated that it was necessary. Two days later he was able to note down: . Their flight took place between a. At about. a quarter past eleven, the staff ordered an action in support of the. Squadron. Towards half past twelve, the Breguet XIX of Logro. Uriarte, op. cit., p 7. Considered correct the figures given by J. Cit., p 1. 45, consisting of 2. Cit., p 1. 43, recognises that . The calculation is correct and in any. It is for the first time since 1. Wearing a black Mao suit, Chinese President Xi Jinping kicked off the spectacular Stalinist- style parade in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square, with a 1. We (Chinese) love peace.” As if to allay the fears of friends and foes alike, Xi added, “No matter how much stronger it may become, China will never push for hegemony or expansion.”He may have used the word “peace” 1. China’s military muscle to the world. And, of course, coming in the wake of the tsunami in the Chinese stock market and Beijing’s questionable handling of the stock market meltdown, the parade is also seen as an attempt to project China as a strong political and economic power that has the ability to withstand pulls and pressures. No one missed the point that the parade had a strong domestic motive as well because both China’s neighbours and the world at large are in any case aware of the lethality of Beijing’s military hardware, developed and upgraded over the years. It certainly was President Xi’s move to boost his power and position at home. Among the first things Xi did after assuming office in 2. Central Military Commission (CMC) – by far the key instrument to control the country’s military establishment, one that has a 2. The crackdown against corruption in the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is something no predecessor of Xi had ever tried. The investigations charged several generals, including the two highest- ranking officers under his predecessor—Xu Caihou (since dead) and Guo Boxiong, of corruption. In fact, it would not be an exaggeration to assume President Xi is moving towards establishing himself with an image of being the most powerful Chinese leader since Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. What better way in trying to move closer to this objective than holding the massive parade that is expected to further consolidate his grip over the army? Ostensibly, the event was organised to mark . But it was the first time such a huge military parade was held for reasons other than celebrating the CPC’s rule or . Therefore, one can actually ask whether China really wants to pursue an open strategy to deter Japan. The answer perhaps is yes because President Xi, who has already been demonstrating his aggressiveness and is unapologetic about China’s big power ambitions, could be trying to reinvigorate the nationalist fervour among his countrymen by an open demonstration of anti- Japan sentiments. Could Xi be actually trying to change the Asian order and make things revolve around China, and thereby goad everyone to ignore rising powers or rising economies like India? Such a possibility cannot be ruled out. As many as 3. 0 heads of state and/or governments were in attendance at the reviewing stand with President Xi during the parade; but no significant leader from any democracy, including India, were present. India’s Modi government deputed Minister of State for External Affairs, Gen. Other than showing the minimum courtesy, India did nothing to antagonise Japan. Beijing may be worried about an India- Japan- US axis, but New Delhi has actually gone out of its way to signal that it was keen to improve ties with Japan and China at the same time, while consolidating relations with the US and all of India’s neighbours. New Delhi couldn’t have played ball to the covert corner- Japan plan as it was obviously aware of the Chinese design behind the gala parade. In fact, the grand parade and the careful use of imagery could even be interpreted as China’s provocation to its neighbours, including India. The public display of its intercontinental ballistic- missile arsenal is surely a warning to the US, whose military might is still believed to be superior. The Dongfeng missile series was among the key display items at the show. Making its public debut was the DF- 2. D anti- ship ballistic missile, seen as a threat to the US aircraft carrier strike groups. It remains to be seen whether China, the highest military spender in the world after the US, triggers an arms race in its neighbourhood following the display. But President Xi made a good attempt at neutralising the visual impact by publicly announcing a troop cut of up to 3. This is expected to happen by 2. Beijing to spend more in modernising the military; and making the PLA leaner and more efficient. Whether or not President Xi can handle the large number of decommissioned military men is left to be seen, but during the parade, he certainly relished 1. Noticeably, the clear blue skies over Tiananmen Square had disappeared soon after the parade got over. Now, the world has to wait and see if China, having demonstrated its military might, continues to pursue a seemingly expansionist campaign across the Himalayas as well as on the East and South China seas. One would like to believe President Xi that he and his fellow Chinese “love peace” and do not believe in “hegemony or expansion.” India on its part cannot afford to be taken in by Beijing’s rhetoric and has to remain guarded while pushing for better ties with a level playing field. That, of course, is not an easy task. The Tomatometer rating – based on the published opinions of hundreds of film and television critics – is a trusted measurement of movie and TV programming quality for millions of moviegoers. It represents the percentage of. Download Dimos Moutsis - Krymmena Mystika Kai Ntokoumenta (Greek Music)@f torrent from music category on Isohunt. Torrent hash: 2a6c642cdbcc3c08106335ca58425a1e2af52a33. Krymmena Mystika - Yiannis Parios. Call us Sun-Thu 8am-2pm GMT at: +972-3-5410947. Your Shopping Cart is empty. Overview of Kala krymmena mystika, Athanasia, 2008, directed by Panos Karkanevatos, with Stavroula Logotheti, Marina Kalogirou, Yorgos Karamihos, at Turner Classic Movies. Kala krymmena mystika, Athanasia (2008) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. Get Showtimes; Trailers; Role Recalls; Star Wars; Superfan; Toronto Film Festival. A woman looking for the keys to her history uncovers a secret that has affected the lives of several people close to her in this drama from Greek filmmaker Panos Karkanevatos. Angela (Marina Koem) is an American woman of Greek. EMI Music Distribution. Byl nie tylko naturalista. NATURALISTYCZNA ETYKA. Oczywiscie thoresby nie rozumie jednego - spor dotyczy czy dwa krzyzujace sie pasy to w istocie dwa pasy. Lotnisko to jest zbyt droga inwestycja, aby. Wlen. Info. Pl - Informacje z Regionudnia grudzie. Nic tak nie rozleniwia i nie wzmaga arogancji jak powt. Tym chodzi o szmal, nie o ciebie czy gmin. Nieodmiennie wskazuje to na oportunist. Nic ci po nich.\4. Wyklucz kandydat. Publiczna funkcja to zaszczyt i odpowiedzialno. Rano budzimy sie - jestemy. Musimy sie tego nauczyc jezeli mamy byc. Za marzenia nie karaj. Ciekawe te krzyzujace sie Aleje 6 i 7. Znowu sie czepiam ale tylko by wykazac glupote takich sadow;) Mam rodzine w Lodzi, Toruniu, Bydgoszczy i paru jeszcze innych. Wszedzie swiat wyglada tak samo!!!!! Czy to sie podoba czy nie. Sie zawodowo, podrozowac. Kazdy marzyciel moglby zaczac realizowac swoje marzenia. Plody o ile wiem nie robia tego. Od zera oczekuj tylko zero. B. Dwa nazwiska z tej samej sitwy na listach wyborczych to o dwa za du. Na poziomie gminnym nie ma . Emocjonalne zbitki typu pomoc, wzmocnienie, zlikwidowanie, ukr. Robienie dobra jest na tylnym siedzeniu. Der Spiegel der Helena, ein wertvolles SchmuckstApril. 19. 67 in Krefeld) war ein deutscher Schriftsteller. Otto Br. Dieses Studium brach er 1. Folge als Redakteur beim Feuilleton der K. Daneben schrieb er auch f. Von 1. 95. 3 bis 1. Der digitale SPIEGEL erscheint w. Sachsel Olga, Schriftstellerin und . Politische Aktivistin zur Zeit der 1848er-Bewegung,?-? Schupp Helena Eleonora Joanna. Die unheimliche Wandlung des Axel Roscher - Schauspieler, Cast & Crew Die unheimliche Wandlung des Axel Roscher / AT: Der Spiegel der Helena. Lektor f. Ab 1. 95. Schriftsteller. Mehrere seiner Werke wurden in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone bzw. Viele seiner Werke haben einen engen Bezug zu seiner rheinischen Heimat und behandeln religi. Neue deutsche Jugend, Berlin 1. Walter Hasenclever, K. Heilandsflur, Frankfurt a. M. 1. 92. 3Heilige, Helden, Narren und Musikanten, Berlin 1. Der Prophet von Lochau, Frankfurt a. M. 1. 92. 3Stab und Stein, Frankfurt a. M. 1. 92. 4Rheinische Sonette, Frankfurt a. M. 1. 92. 4Zwei Novellen: Klas Pottb. Michael Brausewetter., K. Die Wiederkehr, Berlin 1. Das M. Sturm und Stille, 1. Der Silberkelch, Kempen- Ndrh. Der Schirm und die Maler, K. Rudi vom Endt, Essen- Kray 1. Jahre Raiffeisendruckerei Gmb. H, Neuwied am Rhein, Neuwied 1. Herbert Eulenberg, D. Tauber 1. 95. 7Das neue D. Der Schriftsteller Otto Br. Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung vom 2. Mai 1. 99. 7, Historisches Archiv der Stadt K. Eine Untersuchung zur Dichtungs- und Geistesgeschichte der Rheinlande. Der Spiegel der Helena, ein wertvolles Schmuckst. Der Bezug ist jederzeit zur n. Der SPIEGEL erscheint w Datenbank der Kooperation Dritte Welt Archive. Suche in: Titel; Schlagwort; Land; Autor; Volltext; Film; Land / Region. DER SPIEGEL (digitales Magazin. Diss., Bonn 1. 95. Elfriede Horn: Wurzelnd im Rheinland. In: dies.: Geehrt - geliebt - vergessen? Begegnungen mit 3. Dichtern. Gutenberg, Melsungen 1. Franz Janssen: Bewahrendes und progressives Wertebewu. Der rheinische Feuilletonist und Erz. Wer war was vor und nach 1. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2. Retooling the German Military. Retooling the German Military. By Samuel C. Baxter. As Berlin grows into a central role in global politics, its military is carefully following suit. Is this a welcome change? Want to visit the most popular nation on Earth? A longtime center of art and music? A place to take your children to see actual storybook castles? Cities with a mix of the medieval and ultramodern? Look no further than Germany. A BBC World Service poll found that Deutschland is the most favorably viewed nation in the world. Of 2. 6,0. 00 people surveyed across 2. European nation has a constructive influence upon the globe. For perspective, Canada and the United Kingdom held the number two and three slots, each with 5. Iran trailed the pack with only 1. BBC summarized the findings for Germany: “Who can doubt that there’ll be a little more spring in the step of Chancellor . In Spain, the recipient of a bailout with tight German strings attached, 6. Germany had . In France 8. French people look over the border with approval!“Only Greece maintains its Germanophobia, with 5. Yet positive sentiments toward Berlin exist outside of Europe as well. BBC continued: “Ghanaians, for example, have a very favourable attitude toward Germany, with 8. Germany has a very active trade presence in Ghana.”This research is yet another feather in the cap for Deutschland. While most world economies foundered in 2. Its stalwart manufacturing presence and penchant for frugality has made Berlin virtually the only voice that matters for European Union debt issues. The title of a Montreal Gazette article summed up the situation: “Germany in Driver’s Seat Handling Europe Debt Crisis.”This newfound power is a source of unease for some Germans. Der Spiegel translated the center- left paper Suddeutsche Zeitung: “Germany stands where it never wanted to stand again after 1. Europe. Its attempts to achieve this with cannons and tanks in the 2. Germany no longer exists.”But Berlin’s political clout has naturally led to a greater need for a modernized German military. The New York Times quoted Germany’s defense minister Thomas de Maiziere: “For decades, we Germans have benefited from the fact that our partners gave us the feeling of reliable security. Also, Bundeswehr, the nation’s federal defense force, could not be used inside of Germany’s borders or anywhere Adolf Hitler’s Wehrmacht had previously occupied. The New York Times described what these stipulations meant: “This translates into a de facto exclusion zone ranging from the Atlantic to Moscow and from Northern Norway to Northern Africa. Add to this Germany’s delicate relationship with Israel and its colonial past and you end up excluding the Middle East and most of Africa as well.”Slowly, these strict constitutional laws have been softened. Yet, by the 2. 00. Changes began in 2. Bundeswehr moved from conscription, where eligible 1. Deutsche Welle described the overall plan: “The goal of the restructuring is that the Bundeswehr will remain to get the soldiers prepared for their new array of challenges. That includes aid in areas of catastrophe, fighting international terrorists, evacuation of German citizens and international employment as part of EU or UN missions—a new focus that requires a restructuring of the troops into smaller, more flexible and better trained units.”Notably, the changes mean a significant shift from being solely defensive to an intervention force. German brass wants a Bundeswehr capable of handling two concurrent missions abroad.“Thorn of War”While constitutional changes mean Germany’s armed forces can more readily be deployed, another substantial hurdle stands in the way of its citizens backing a fully active military: psychological scars. The horrors of Auschwitz and Dachau still play out in the minds of many Germans each time its troops take up arms. This fact becomes abundantly clear when one visits the Bundeswehr Military History Museum in Dresden. Der Spiegel described the underlying architectural message of the structure: “There is a wedge sticking out of the building, one as brutal as the thorn of war in the German psyche. The gigantic wedge, made of steel and glass, passes through the sandstone facade of the old arsenal building in Dresden, like a projectile that has penetrated a soldier’s chest, or like the phalanx of British bombers that laid waste to Dresden on Feb. Germany’s “thorn of war” makes this museum unique in the world. The magazine continued: “In other countries, military museums showcase superior technology and heroic victories, as if to say: Look at what heroes we are! But how can Germany recount its military history, a history it’s ashamed of? It’s about defeat and guilt. The focus is placed on the human component, on all the fears, hopes, passion, memories and aspirations, and on factors such as courage, reason and aggression, because it is only possible to understand war if its depiction can be based on human nature.”Berlin’s stomach for military campaigns has both ebbed and flowed in recent years. Der Spiegel continued: “Bosnia marked the beginning of a long path to normalization that Germany has followed since the end of the Cold War. Today, the Bundeswehr is involved in 1. Some 6,5. 40 soldiers are currently deployed on foreign missions in the Balkans, Afghanistan and the Horn of Africa. German troops in Afghanistan mostly stay in the north (away from the heat of the battle) and have taken an advisory role in Mali, allowing the French to take the lead. What’s in a Name? In an effort to distance itself from the Wehrmacht, the Bundeswehr traces its roots back to the Prussian military reformers of the early 1. Yet leapfrogging two world wars to draw military inspiration does not whitewash the severe side of its national character. Tracing back through the centuries reveals a continuous pattern: periods of artistic, intellectual and economic advancement followed by a sudden shift to warfare and strife. This Jekyll- and- Hyde act has perplexed both Germans and non- Germans alike. German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote, “I have often felt a bitter pain at the thought that the German people, so honourable as individuals, should be so miserable as a whole” (The Life and Works of Goethe). Another native, biographer Emil Ludwig, said in The Germans: Double History of a Nation: “The Romans no more than the Franks or the Italians—indeed, not a single neighbor of the Germans—could ever trust the Germans to remain peaceable. No matter how happy their condition, their restless passion would urge them on to ever more extreme demands.”British filmmakers Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger mused on the dual nature of Germans in their 1. The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp.” One character, seeing WWI German officers in a prisoner- of- war camp quietly listening to orchestral music, observed: “I was thinking, how odd they are, queer. For years and years they are writing and dreaming of beautiful music and beautiful poetry. All of a sudden they start a war: they sink undefended ships, shoot innocent hostages, and bomb and destroy whole streets in London, killing little children. And then they sit down in the same butcher’s uniform and listen to Mendelssohn and Schubert.”For the ingenious and congenial Germans, the thorn of war seems forever buried in its national psyche. In fact, war has been a defining characteristic for this people throughout history. Julius Caesar was the first to label the disunited tribes north of Italy “Germani.” Many etymology dictionaries trace the word “Germani” to Gaulish origins, claiming it means “neighbor” or “to cry” as in, “one who shouts in battle.” Others note that the most used weapon of these peoples was the spear, and attest that the term comes from the Old High German word for spear, “ger,” which put together means “spear- man.”The book Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary promotes the idea that Germani is probably from the Old High German heri- man, which literally means “army- man.”Put together, these definitions paint a picture of Germany: a neighboring nation who shouts in battle and wields spears. It is a country filled with army- men—or, more simply, war- men. None of these northern tribes used “Germani” to describe themselves. Instead they preferred either Teuton or Deutsch, which both generally mean “people.”While these tribes—such as the Vandals, Heruli and Ostrogoths—did not want to be known as war- men, the name proved apropos. The Heruli were the ones who sacked Rome and brought the end of the Roman Empire in AD 4. Today, the dual names remain. Many still use a modernized version of Germani to describe the European nation, yet it refers to itself as Deutschland. Distant Past. With war being a chief characteristic of the Teutonic peoples during the Roman Empire, how far back can this defining trait be traced? British lexicographer Sir William Smith (1. Germans “as a people of high stature and of great bodily strength, with fair complexions, blue eyes, and yellow or red hair . In peace they passed their lives in listless indolence, only varied by deep gaming and excessive drinking.”Most historians believe the Germans originated in Europe along the Baltic Sea but are unclear as to where the people derive their ancient roots. Smith reveals a clue to their origin: “The Germans regarded themselves as indigenous in the country; but there can be no doubt that they were a branch of the great Indo- Germanic race, who, along with the Celts, migrated into Europe from the Caucasus and the countries around the Black and Caspian seas . Instead, they choose to associate this label with different peoples who inhabited the same areas, but in different time periods. Yet comparing ancient Assyria with the modern Germans reveals numerous and uncanny similarities. The Assyrians were skilled musicians. Gary Cole Naked. This page is about the movie actor Gary Cole. It contains some info about him, his filmography and a nice gallery of pictures of Gary. 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